See -sum on Wiktionary
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "suffix form",
"g": "m"
},
"expansion": "-sum m",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 4 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"form_of": [
{
"word": "-sus"
}
],
"glosses": [
"accusative singular of -sus"
],
"id": "en--sum-la-suffix-1-eOOlyi",
"links": [
[
"-sus",
"-sus#Latin"
]
],
"tags": [
"accusative",
"form-of",
"masculine",
"morpheme",
"singular"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ˈsũː]",
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈsum]",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
}
],
"word": "-sum"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "suffix",
"altform": "1"
},
"expansion": "-sum",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"word": "-som"
}
],
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Early Middle English",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Northern Middle English",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 4 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"alternative form of -som"
],
"id": "en--sum-enm-suffix-5XgcIvg2",
"links": [
[
"-som",
"-som#Middle_English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(chiefly Early Middle English or Northern) alternative form of -som"
],
"tags": [
"Early-Middle-English",
"Northern",
"alt-of",
"alternative",
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "-sum"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "-some"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "-some"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Scots",
"lang_code": "gmw-msc",
"word": "-sum"
},
{
"lang": "Yola",
"lang_code": "yol",
"word": "-zom"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"word": "-som"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "-some"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "-some"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Scots",
"lang_code": "gmw-msc",
"word": "-sum"
},
{
"lang": "Yola",
"lang_code": "yol",
"word": "-zom"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"word": "-soum"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "-some"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "-some"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Scots",
"lang_code": "gmw-msc",
"word": "-sum"
},
{
"lang": "Yola",
"lang_code": "yol",
"word": "-zom"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"word": "-sum"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "-some"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "-some"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Scots",
"lang_code": "gmw-msc",
"word": "-sum"
},
{
"lang": "Yola",
"lang_code": "yol",
"word": "-zom"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"word": "-some"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "-some"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "-some"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Scots",
"lang_code": "gmw-msc",
"word": "-sum"
},
{
"lang": "Yola",
"lang_code": "yol",
"word": "-zom"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"raw_tags": [
"Late Middle English"
],
"word": "-somme"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "-some"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "-some"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Scots",
"lang_code": "gmw-msc",
"word": "-sum"
},
{
"lang": "Yola",
"lang_code": "yol",
"word": "-zom"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"tags": [
"Ormulum"
],
"word": "-summ"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*-sam"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *-sam",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*-samaz",
"t": "same as"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *-samaz (“same as”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ofs",
"2": "-sum"
},
"expansion": "Old Frisian -sum",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "-sam"
},
"expansion": "Old High German -sam",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "-samr"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse -samr",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "got",
"2": "-𐍃𐌰𐌼𐍃"
},
"expansion": "Gothic -𐍃𐌰𐌼𐍃 (-sams)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "sam",
"3": "",
"4": "whether, or"
},
"expansion": "Old English sam (“whether, or”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "same",
"t": "same"
},
"expansion": "Old English same (“same”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-West Germanic *-sam, from Proto-Germanic *-samaz (“same as”). Akin to Old Frisian -sum, Old High German -sam, Old Norse -samr, Gothic -𐍃𐌰𐌼𐍃 (-sams), -𐍃𐌰𐌼𐌰 (-sama, “same as”), Old English sam (“whether, or”), Old English same (“same”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "strong",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ang-adecl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "-sum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-sumu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-sumo",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-sum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-sumne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-sume",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-sum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-sumes",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-sumre",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-sumes",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-sumum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-sumre",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-sumum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-sume",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-sumre",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-sume",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-sume",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-suma",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-sume",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-sumu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-sumo",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-sume",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-suma",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-sume",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-sumu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-sumo",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-sumra",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-sumra",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-sumra",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-sumum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-sumum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-sumum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-sumum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-sumum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-sumum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "weak",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ang-adecl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "-suma",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-sume",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-sume",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-suman",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-suman",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-sume",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-suman",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-suman",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-suman",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-suman",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-suman",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-suman",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-suman",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-suman",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-suman",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-suman",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-suman",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-suman",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-suman",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-suman",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-suman",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-sumra",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-sumena",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-sumra",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-sumena",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-sumra",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-sumena",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-sumum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-sumum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-sumum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-sumum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-sumum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-sumum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "suffix",
"cat2": "",
"head": "",
"head2": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "-sum",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "-sum",
"name": "ang-suffix"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "-sum"
},
"name": "ang-adecl"
}
],
"lang": "Old English",
"lang_code": "ang",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "59 41",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
3,
6
]
],
"english": "difficult, constricted",
"text": "angsum",
"translation": "difficult, constricted",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
5,
8
]
],
"english": "irksome",
"text": "āþrotsum",
"translation": "irksome",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
6,
9
]
],
"english": "pleasing, pleasant",
"text": "ġecwēmsum",
"translation": "pleasing, pleasant",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"characterized by some specific condition or quality; same as"
],
"id": "en--sum-ang-suffix-thAv9rJl",
"links": [
[
"characterized",
"characterized"
],
[
"specific",
"specific"
],
[
"condition",
"condition"
],
[
"quality",
"quality"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "39 61",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages using catfix",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "39 61",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 4 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "38 62",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
3,
6
]
],
"english": "joyful, winsome",
"text": "wynsum",
"translation": "joyful, winsome",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"having or exemplifying"
],
"id": "en--sum-ang-suffix-1StdFjBq",
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/sum/"
}
],
"word": "-sum"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "suffix",
"altform": "",
"cat2": "emphatic suffixes",
"cat3": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "-sum",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "e"
},
"expansion": "-sum",
"name": "sga-suffix"
}
],
"lang": "Old Irish",
"lang_code": "sga",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"word": "-som"
}
],
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Irish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 4 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"alternative form of -som"
],
"id": "en--sum-sga-suffix-5XgcIvg2",
"links": [
[
"-som",
"-som#Old_Irish"
]
],
"related": [
{
"tags": [
"singular"
],
"word": "1"
},
{
"word": "-se"
},
{
"word": "-sa"
},
{
"tags": [
"singular"
],
"word": "2"
},
{
"word": "-siu"
},
{
"word": "-so"
},
{
"word": "-su"
},
{
"tags": [
"masculine",
"neuter"
],
"word": "3"
},
{
"word": "-som"
},
{
"word": "-sem"
},
{
"word": "-sium"
},
{
"word": "-sam"
},
{
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "3"
},
{
"word": "-si"
},
{
"tags": [
"plural"
],
"word": "1"
},
{
"word": "-ni"
},
{
"word": "-nai"
},
{
"word": "-sni"
},
{
"tags": [
"plural"
],
"word": "2"
},
{
"tags": [
"plural"
],
"word": "3"
}
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative",
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[suβ̃]"
}
],
"word": "-sum"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "suffix form",
"g": "m"
},
"expansion": "-sum m",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Latin 1-syllable words",
"Latin entries with incorrect language header",
"Latin non-lemma forms",
"Latin suffix forms",
"Latin terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Pages with 4 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"form_of": [
{
"word": "-sus"
}
],
"glosses": [
"accusative singular of -sus"
],
"links": [
[
"-sus",
"-sus#Latin"
]
],
"tags": [
"accusative",
"form-of",
"masculine",
"morpheme",
"singular"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ˈsũː]",
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈsum]",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
}
],
"word": "-sum"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "suffix",
"altform": "1"
},
"expansion": "-sum",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"word": "-som"
}
],
"categories": [
"Early Middle English",
"Middle English alternative forms",
"Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"Northern Middle English",
"Pages with 4 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"glosses": [
"alternative form of -som"
],
"links": [
[
"-som",
"-som#Middle_English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(chiefly Early Middle English or Northern) alternative form of -som"
],
"tags": [
"Early-Middle-English",
"Northern",
"alt-of",
"alternative",
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "-sum"
}
{
"categories": [
"Old English entries with incorrect language header",
"Old English lemmas",
"Old English suffixes",
"Old English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Old English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"Old English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"Old English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
"Old English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Pages using catfix",
"Pages with 4 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "-some"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "-some"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Scots",
"lang_code": "gmw-msc",
"word": "-sum"
},
{
"lang": "Yola",
"lang_code": "yol",
"word": "-zom"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"word": "-som"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "-some"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "-some"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Scots",
"lang_code": "gmw-msc",
"word": "-sum"
},
{
"lang": "Yola",
"lang_code": "yol",
"word": "-zom"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"word": "-soum"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "-some"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "-some"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Scots",
"lang_code": "gmw-msc",
"word": "-sum"
},
{
"lang": "Yola",
"lang_code": "yol",
"word": "-zom"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"word": "-sum"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "-some"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "-some"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Scots",
"lang_code": "gmw-msc",
"word": "-sum"
},
{
"lang": "Yola",
"lang_code": "yol",
"word": "-zom"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"word": "-some"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "-some"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "-some"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Scots",
"lang_code": "gmw-msc",
"word": "-sum"
},
{
"lang": "Yola",
"lang_code": "yol",
"word": "-zom"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"raw_tags": [
"Late Middle English"
],
"word": "-somme"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "-some"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "-some"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Scots",
"lang_code": "gmw-msc",
"word": "-sum"
},
{
"lang": "Yola",
"lang_code": "yol",
"word": "-zom"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"tags": [
"Ormulum"
],
"word": "-summ"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*-sam"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *-sam",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*-samaz",
"t": "same as"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *-samaz (“same as”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ofs",
"2": "-sum"
},
"expansion": "Old Frisian -sum",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "-sam"
},
"expansion": "Old High German -sam",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "-samr"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse -samr",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "got",
"2": "-𐍃𐌰𐌼𐍃"
},
"expansion": "Gothic -𐍃𐌰𐌼𐍃 (-sams)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "sam",
"3": "",
"4": "whether, or"
},
"expansion": "Old English sam (“whether, or”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "same",
"t": "same"
},
"expansion": "Old English same (“same”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-West Germanic *-sam, from Proto-Germanic *-samaz (“same as”). Akin to Old Frisian -sum, Old High German -sam, Old Norse -samr, Gothic -𐍃𐌰𐌼𐍃 (-sams), -𐍃𐌰𐌼𐌰 (-sama, “same as”), Old English sam (“whether, or”), Old English same (“same”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "strong",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ang-adecl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "-sum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-sumu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-sumo",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-sum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-sumne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-sume",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-sum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-sumes",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-sumre",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-sumes",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-sumum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-sumre",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-sumum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-sume",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-sumre",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-sume",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-sume",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-suma",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-sume",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-sumu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-sumo",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-sume",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-suma",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-sume",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-sumu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-sumo",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-sumra",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-sumra",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-sumra",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-sumum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-sumum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-sumum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-sumum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-sumum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-sumum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "weak",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ang-adecl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "-suma",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-sume",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-sume",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-suman",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-suman",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-sume",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-suman",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-suman",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-suman",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-suman",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-suman",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-suman",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-suman",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-suman",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-suman",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-suman",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-suman",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-suman",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-suman",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-suman",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-suman",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-sumra",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-sumena",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-sumra",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-sumena",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-sumra",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-sumena",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-sumum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-sumum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-sumum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-sumum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-sumum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-sumum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "suffix",
"cat2": "",
"head": "",
"head2": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "-sum",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "-sum",
"name": "ang-suffix"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "-sum"
},
"name": "ang-adecl"
}
],
"lang": "Old English",
"lang_code": "ang",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Old English terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
3,
6
]
],
"english": "difficult, constricted",
"text": "angsum",
"translation": "difficult, constricted",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
5,
8
]
],
"english": "irksome",
"text": "āþrotsum",
"translation": "irksome",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
6,
9
]
],
"english": "pleasing, pleasant",
"text": "ġecwēmsum",
"translation": "pleasing, pleasant",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"characterized by some specific condition or quality; same as"
],
"links": [
[
"characterized",
"characterized"
],
[
"specific",
"specific"
],
[
"condition",
"condition"
],
[
"quality",
"quality"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Old English terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
3,
6
]
],
"english": "joyful, winsome",
"text": "wynsum",
"translation": "joyful, winsome",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"having or exemplifying"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/sum/"
}
],
"word": "-sum"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "suffix",
"altform": "",
"cat2": "emphatic suffixes",
"cat3": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "-sum",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "e"
},
"expansion": "-sum",
"name": "sga-suffix"
}
],
"lang": "Old Irish",
"lang_code": "sga",
"pos": "suffix",
"related": [
{
"tags": [
"singular"
],
"word": "1"
},
{
"word": "-se"
},
{
"word": "-sa"
},
{
"tags": [
"singular"
],
"word": "2"
},
{
"word": "-siu"
},
{
"word": "-so"
},
{
"word": "-su"
},
{
"tags": [
"masculine",
"neuter"
],
"word": "3"
},
{
"word": "-som"
},
{
"word": "-sem"
},
{
"word": "-sium"
},
{
"word": "-sam"
},
{
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "3"
},
{
"word": "-si"
},
{
"tags": [
"plural"
],
"word": "1"
},
{
"word": "-ni"
},
{
"word": "-nai"
},
{
"word": "-sni"
},
{
"tags": [
"plural"
],
"word": "2"
},
{
"tags": [
"plural"
],
"word": "3"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"word": "-som"
}
],
"categories": [
"Old Irish emphatic suffixes",
"Old Irish entries with incorrect language header",
"Old Irish lemmas",
"Old Irish suffixes",
"Pages with 4 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"glosses": [
"alternative form of -som"
],
"links": [
[
"-som",
"-som#Old_Irish"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative",
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[suβ̃]"
}
],
"word": "-sum"
}
Download raw JSONL data for -sum meaning in All languages combined (13.8kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-01-16 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-01-01 using wiktextract (d1270d2 and 9905b1f). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.